術語Term
說明Definition
在此計畫中In this project
延伸閱讀Further reading
GNSSGlobal Navigation Satellite System
「全球衛星導航系統」的總稱，涵蓋 GPS（美）、Galileo（歐）、BeiDou（中）、GLONASS（俄）、QZSS（日）、NavIC（印）等系統。各系統的衛星持續對地廣播公開的定位訊號。The umbrella term for satellite positioning systems including GPS (US), Galileo (EU), BeiDou (CN), GLONASS (RU), QZSS (JP), and NavIC (IN). Their satellites continuously broadcast open positioning signals.
我們的接收器同時聽取多個 GNSS 系統的 L1 / L2 / L5 頻段，提升精度與可用衛星數。Our receivers listen across multiple GNSS systems on L1 / L2 / L5 bands for higher accuracy and more usable satellites.
RTKReal-Time Kinematic
「即時動態定位」。透過固定參考站與行動接收器之間的載波相位差分修正，將定位精度從 GPS 原始的數公尺級提升至公分級。Real-Time Kinematic positioning. Uses carrier-phase corrections between a fixed reference station and a roving receiver to push GPS accuracy from a few metres down to centimetres.
本計畫的 GNSS 參考站正是「固定參考站」的其中一環，提供 RTK 服務所需的修正資料。Our GNSS stations function as the "fixed reference" half of this loop — providing the correction stream RTK clients need.
NTRIPNetworked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol
將 RTCM 修正資料透過網際網路即時傳遞的標準協定，由德國聯邦製圖測量局 BKG 制定，已成為 GNSS 修正資料分發的全球業界標準。An open protocol for streaming RTCM correction data over the internet — defined by Germany's BKG and now the global de-facto standard for distributing GNSS corrections.
我們的參考站透過 NTRIP 協定上傳觀測資料，由國際平台彙整後再分發給需要 RTK 校正的使用者。Our stations push observations to the platform via NTRIP; the platform redistributes corrections to RTK users.
RTCMRadio Technical Commission for Maritime Services
RTCM 也是一個國際標準制定組織，其發布的「RTCM SC-104 差分 GNSS 服務」訊息格式，是 GNSS 修正資料公認的標準編碼。RTCM is the international standards body whose "SC-104 Differential GNSS Services" message format is the universally adopted way to encode GNSS corrections.
我們的參考站輸出 RTCM 3.x 訊息，與全球任一遵循標準的 RTK 客戶端相容。Our stations output RTCM 3.x messages, compatible with any standards-compliant RTK client worldwide.
CORSContinuously Operating Reference Station
「連續運轉參考站」。指長期固定於同一座標、24 小時不間斷收集 GNSS 觀測資料的地面站。內政部國土測繪中心建置的 e-GNSS 系統即為國家級 CORS 網路。A ground station fixed to a known coordinate that records GNSS observations 24/7. Taiwan's official e-GNSS service is a national-scale CORS network.
本計畫的 GNSS 站性質與 CORS 完全相同，只是分散式、由民間參與者協作維運。Our GNSS stations are functionally CORS — the difference is they are distributed and community-operated.
ADS-BAutomatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast
「廣播式自動相關監視」。航機自行透過 GNSS 取得位置後，每秒兩次以 1090 MHz 頻率公開廣播位置、高度、航向、速度與識別碼。為 ICAO 全球強制要求的航空監視標準。Aircraft determine their own position via GNSS and broadcast it twice per second on 1090 MHz, including altitude, heading, speed and identifier — an ICAO-mandated global surveillance standard.
我們的 ADS-B 接收站接收這些公開訊號並上傳至國際飛航追蹤平台，補強台灣山區與海域的監測覆蓋。Our ADS-B stations receive these public broadcasts and feed them to international flight-tracking platforms — extending coverage over Taiwan's mountains and coastal waters.
MLATMultilateration
「多點定位」。利用同一訊號到達多個地面站的時間差（TDOA），三角定位推算發射源位置。可定位未配備 ADS-B或僅有 Mode S 應答機的舊型航機。Multilateration. Uses the time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) of a signal across multiple ground stations to triangulate the transmitter — letting older aircraft with only Mode S transponders be located even without ADS-B.
當您的 ADS-B 站與鄰近其他站同步運作，平台便能透過 MLAT 還原更多航機位置。When your station works alongside neighbours, the platform can run MLAT to recover positions of additional aircraft.
DePINDecentralized Physical Infrastructure Network
「去中心化實體基礎設施網路」。一種新興模式：由個別參與者各自部署並維護實體硬體（如感測器、通訊節點），共同組成全球性的觀測或服務網路，並以代幣機制獎勵貢獻者。An emerging model in which individual participants deploy and operate physical hardware (sensors, communication nodes) to form a global observation or service network, with token-based rewards for contribution.
本計畫即屬此類，但我們不轉嫁屋主任何法律或營運責任，回饋僅由我方承擔處理。This project follows the DePIN pattern, but hosts bear no legal or operational liability — all of that sits with us; rewards (if any) are handled entirely on our side.
IGSInternational GNSS Service
國際 GNSS 服務組織，由全球 200 多個機構自願合作，提供高精度衛星軌道、時間與大氣參數，是學術與工程界的事實標準。A voluntary federation of 200+ institutions worldwide that provides high-precision satellite orbits, clocks, and atmospheric products — the de-facto standard for science and engineering.
我們參與的全球網路，數據品質與 IGS 標準對齊，並可被研究機構獨立驗證。Our network's data quality aligns with IGS conventions and is independently verifiable by research institutions.
ICAOInternational Civil Aviation Organization
聯合國轄下的國際民航組織，制定全球民航安全與監視標準，包括強制要求民航機配備 ADS-B 應答機並廣播位置。A specialised UN agency that sets global civil aviation standards — including the mandate for commercial aircraft to carry ADS-B transponders and broadcast their position.
本計畫接收的 ADS-B 訊號正是 ICAO 標準下的公開廣播，不涉及任何加密或機密內容。The ADS-B signals we receive are public broadcasts under ICAO standards — no encryption, no classified content.
台灣 · 政府機構TW · GOVERNMENT
內政部國土測繪中心 e-GNSSTaiwan e-GNSS · NLSC即時動態定位系統Real-time positioning service
台灣官方建置的全國 GNSS 即時動態定位網路，技術原理與本計畫相符——可作為「政府已使用相同技術」的直接佐證。Taiwan's official nationwide GNSS RTK network — technical foundation identical to ours, the most direct evidence that the government uses the same technology.
egnss.nlsc.gov.tw
聯合國 · 標準機構UN · STANDARDS
國際民航組織 ICAOICAOADS-B 全球強制標準制定者Global ADS-B mandate authority
聯合國專門機構，制定全球民航安全標準。ADS-B 公開廣播為其強制要求，因此這些訊號的接收屬於完全公開合法的活動。The UN body governing civil aviation safety. ADS-B broadcasts are mandated by ICAO, making their reception unambiguously a public, legal activity.
icao.int
科學 · 國際SCIENCE · GLOBAL
國際 GNSS 服務 IGSInternational GNSS Service學術級高精度數據標準Scientific-grade GNSS data
由全球 200 多個科學機構合作的國際組織，提供高精度衛星軌道與時鐘參數，為地震研究、地殼變動監測等學術應用的事實標準。A federation of 200+ research institutions providing high-precision satellite orbits and clocks — the de-facto standard for seismology and crustal deformation studies.
igs.org
標準 · 產業STANDARDS · INDUSTRY
RTCM 國際標準RTCM Standards差分 GNSS 訊息格式制定者DGNSS message format authority
制定 SC-104 差分 GNSS 訊息標準的國際組織。所有合規的 GNSS 修正資料分發系統（含台灣 e-GNSS）皆遵循此格式。Defines the SC-104 message format used by every compliant DGNSS system worldwide — including Taiwan's own e-GNSS.
rtcm.org
協定 · 開放PROTOCOL · OPEN
BKG NTRIPBKG NTRIP德國聯邦製圖測量局German Federal Agency for Cartography
NTRIP 通訊協定的制定機構。此協定已成為 GNSS 修正資料透過網際網路傳遞的全球業界標準。The agency that authored NTRIP, the global de-facto protocol for streaming GNSS corrections over the internet.
igs.bkg.bund.de/ntrip
參考 · 通用REFERENCE · GENERAL
維基百科 · 主題索引Wikipedia · Topic index中文 / 英文獨立查證Independent fact-checking
本計畫所有技術術語均可於維基百科獨立查證。每項詞條皆提供繁體中文與英文版的延伸閱讀連結（見上方術語表）。All terms used here are independently verifiable on Wikipedia. Each glossary entry above links to both the Traditional Chinese and English articles.
zh.wikipedia.org
